Philoxenus of Mabbug was a prominent 5th-century Syriac theologian and prose writer who served as the bishop of Mabbug. Born in the district of Beth Garmai, he became a leading defender of Miaphysitism during the Byzantine era. Throughout his career, he engaged in intense ecclesiastical politics, influencing the leadership of the See of Antioch. After the rise of Emperor Justin I, he was exiled and eventually died in 523, when he was martyred by suffocation through smoke.