María Encarnación Rosal was a 19th-century Guatemalan nun belonging to the Bethlemite Sisters. Born in Quetzaltenango, she dedicated her life to religious reform and the advancement of women's education and protection. After facing religious persecution in her homeland, she lived in exile, establishing schools and orphanages in Costa Rica and Colombia. She eventually settled in Ecuador, where she founded several convents. Her commitment to her order's original standards led her to establish a new community in her native country before her death following a horseback riding accident.