Peter of Callinicum was a 6th-century prelate who served as the Syriac Patriarch of Antioch from 581 until his death in 591. Born in Raqqa, he was well-educated in philosophy, theology, and several languages. After initially declining the patriarchal office, he eventually accepted the leadership of the non-Chalcedonian community to help resolve internal divisions. His tenure was marked by efforts to unify various factions and address theological disputes, including conflicts with tritheists and a significant schism with the Egyptian church.