Athanasius of Brest-Litovsk was a 17th-century Eastern Orthodox priest, theologian, and writer born in Brest. After working as a private tutor, he joined a monastery in Vilnius in 1627 and was later ordained. He eventually served as the hegumen in Brest, where he became a prominent figure in religious debates. He is primarily remembered for his steadfast opposition to the Union of Brest, a stance that led to his arrest and eventual execution in 1648.