Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah (1874–1945) was a pioneering Indian Anglican priest and missionary who served as the first Indian bishop within the Anglican Communion. Born in the Thoothukudi district, he became the inaugural bishop of the Diocese of Dornakal. Throughout his ministry, he advocated for the indigenization of Christian missions in Asia and was a prominent figure in the movement toward ecumenism in India. His work focused on creating a local leadership and a church structure that reflected the diverse cultural and ethnic identities of his region.